Methodology
The Receipts currently holds 32 receipts against 28 people and organizations. This page is the contract each one must satisfy. If an entry does not meet the contract, it does not go in the ledger, no matter how satisfying it would be to file it.
Last reviewed 2026-08-03.
A receipt is a public claim paired with a legal record relevant to that claim or conduct. Entries are not based on reporting or a general consensus label. We identify the proceeding and explain what its record established.
Legal records have limits. Their conclusions depend on the evidence, rules, and procedural posture of each case, and outcomes can change on appeal. We state the result and note later changes when they are documented.
Every receipt carries one tier. They are listed in the site's tier order. Each tier describes what kind of record supports the entry, not a ranking of the person or a universal measure of how certain every underlying fact is.
The person admitted the facts under oath in open court, before a judge, to end a criminal case. The strongest record possible: self-incrimination.
A jury or judge found fraud or false statements proven beyond a reasonable doubt at trial.
A civil jury heard evidence and found the person liable, usually for defamation or fraud, by a preponderance of the evidence.
A court entered a finding of liability against the person because they failed to comply with court orders during the case.
A judge ruled the person liable as a matter of law after examining the record: a bench finding, summary judgment, or trial ruling.
The case settled for money, and the settlement text itself acknowledges the underlying claims as false. Stronger than an ordinary settlement; we do not count no-admission payouts alone.
A binding arbitrator ruled against the person on the disputed claim, and a court confirmed the award.
Courts change their minds. Convictions get vacated, judgments get reduced, and appeals reshape outcomes. When that happens, the receipt is not deleted. It is annotated. The entry keeps its original finding and states the change, because the sequence itself is the lesson: what was said, what was proven, and what happened next.
If a reversal erases the finding entirely, the entry is reclassified or removed on the next review pass. Vacated-for-procedure (as distinct from acquitted or cleared) is annotated, not erased, with the distinction stated in the entry.
Errors in a ledger like this matter more than silence, because the ledger gets quoted. If you find a wrong case name, a dead link, an outdated outcome, or an entry that fails its own tier, use the corrections channel. Verified corrections are applied the same day.
Records are re-reviewed on a rolling basis. The “last reviewed” date on each page reflects the most recent pass over that page’s entries.